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A-Share
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In a family of multi-class mutual funds, this is the class that is characterized by a front load structure.
Not all fund companies follow this class structure; however it is the prominent method of distinction. Class A Mutual Fund units Will commonly have...
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AAA
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The highest rating given on bonds by Bond rating agencies.
AAA bonds are supposed to have virtually no Risk of Default. Moody's and Standard & Poor's are the most widely used rating agencies. A Credit Rating assesses the credit worthiness of an individual,...
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Abandonment
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It can be the act of surrendering a claim to, or Interest in, a particular asset or the permitted withdrawal from a Forward contract that is made for the purchase of deliverable securities ort he act of allowing an Option to expire unexercised.
Corporations...
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Abandonment Option
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A clause written in a contract, granting parties the Option of withdrawing from the contract before the fulfillment or completion of all the contractual duties.
This clause adds value by giving the parties the ability to end the obligation if it is unprofitable.
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Abandonment Value
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The value of a project or asset if it were immediately liquidated.
Also known as the liquidation value.
The Abandonment value is generally a Cash value, or equivalent, associated with an asset. This value is important for companies when analyzing the...
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Abatement
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In general, a decrease in the amount of taxation faced by an individual or company.
A Tax decrease, a reduction in penalties, or a rebate are examples of an abatement. Abatement of debts and legacies is a common law doctrine of wills that holds that when...
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Abatement Cost
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A cost paid by many businesses for the removal and/or reduction of an undesirable item that they have created.
Abatement costs are generally incurred when corporations are required to reduce possible nuisances or negative byproducts created during production....
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ABC Agreement
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An agreement made between a purchasing member of a seat on the NYSE and the firm in which he/she works. With the approval of the NYSE, this agreement stipulates that the employee of the firm may:
a) transfer the seat to another employee of the firm,
b)...
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Absolute Advantage
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The ability of a country, individual, company, or region to produce a good or service at a lower cost per unit than the cost at which any other entity produces that good or service.
Entities with absolute advantages can produce something using a smaller...
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Academic Consultants
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An advisory group initiated by the Board in the 1960s to provide a forum for the Exchange of views between the Board and members of the academic community in Economics and banking.
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Accelerated Death Benefit
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It is a life insurance policy with an optional provision which allows a specified percentage of the death benefit to be paid prior to the insured's death, if a doctor certifies that the insured's life expectancy is limited (usually 12 months or less).
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Accountable Plan
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A plan for reimbursing employees for business expenses.
Under this plan, the reimbursement that the employee receives for the expenses is not included in his/her income. Employees are required to account adequately for expenses with records and return...
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Accredited Investor
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A term used by the SEC under Regulation D to define investors that are financially sophisticated and have no need for the protection provided by certain government filings. Also known as a qualified purchaser.
Accredited investor is defined as various...
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Accumulated Earnings Tax
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A Tax imposed by the federal government upon companies with retained Earnings deemed to be unreasonable and in excess of what is considered ordinary.
It is a Tax imposed by the federal government upon companies with retained Earnings deemed to be unreasonable...
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Acquirer
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In electronic money system, the entity or entities (typically banks) that hold Deposit accounts for merchants and to which transaction data are transmitted.
The firm which is purchasing a company in an Acquisition. The acquirer is also known as a bidder.
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Acquisition
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The process of buying or acquiring some asset.
The term can refer to the purchase of a block of stock or more often, to the acquisition of an entire company.
A corporate action in which a company buys most, if not all, of the target company's ownership...
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Act of God Bond
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A Bond issued by an insurance company, linking principal and Interest to the company's losses due to natural disasters.
Such bonds create flexibility for insurance companies if an unforeseen natural disaster occurs. Because principal and Interest depend...
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Active Bond
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A term used to describe fixed-income securities that trade frequently on the floor of the NYSE.
Generally, most-active stocks are those with the most shares traded over one day. Usually, stocks experience higher-than-normal trading Volume due to significantly...
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Active Management
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The use of a human element, such as a single manager, co-managers or a team of managers, to actively manage a fund's Portfolio.
Active managers rely on analytical research, forecasts, and their own judgment and experience in making investment decisions...
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Ad Valorem Tax
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A Tax based on the assessed value of Real Estate or personal property.
In other words ad valorem taxes can be property Tax or even duty on imported items. Property ad valorem taxes are the major source of revenues for state and municipal governments.
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Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM)
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A loan in which the Interest rate is periodically adjusted, moving higher or lower in the same ratio as a pre-selected index such as Treasury Bill rates.
An adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) is a mortgage loan where the Interest rate on the note is periodically...
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Adjusted Cost Base - ACB
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An income Tax term that refers to the change in an asset's Book Value resulting from improvements, new purchases, sales, payouts, or other factors.
An adjusted cost base can be calculated on a single or a per unit Basis.
The Book Value can be adjusted...
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Adjusted gross income
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An interim calculation in the computation of income Tax liability. It is .computed by subtracting certain allowable adjustments from gross income.
In the US, a person's income on which federal income Tax is calculated.This is gross income less adjustments...
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Adoption Credit
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A per-child Tax credit for adopting a child under 18.
The Limit is higher if it's determined that the adopted child has special needs. The credit is nonrefundable, thus, it can only decrease a taxpayers Tax liability to zero. However, if the credit amount...
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ADRs (American Depositary Receipts)
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ADRs (American Depositary Receipts) are tradable certificates in registered form, issued in the U.S. by a U.S. bank, which certifies that a specific number of foreign shares have been deposited with an overseas branch of the bank - or another financial Institution...
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Affluenza
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A social condition arising from the desire to be more wealthy or successful.
Affluenza is a term used by critics of consumerism. Affluenza is symptomatic of a culture that holds up financial success as one of the highest achievements. People said to be...
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Agent
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An authorized representative of an insurance company who solicits and services insurance contracts. Also known as an Associate.
An individual or firm authorized to act on behalf of another (called the principal), such as by executing a transaction or selling...
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Aging
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A method used by accountants and investors to evaluate and identify any irregularities within a company's account receivables.
Aging is achieved by sorting and inspecting the accounts according to their length outstanding. By aging a company's accounts...
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Agricultural Prices
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An index prices that the farmers get in the market.
The statistics is expressed as a percentage change from the previous month. It is a useful predictor of price changes on the grocery shelf, which are reflected in the consumer price index.
A consumer...
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